Migraines: Symptoms, Treatment, and How to Participate in Clinical Trials
Migraines are much more than just a headache. They are a chronic neurological disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. While they may occur occasionally, many people live with frequent and disabling episodes. At Homestead Associates in Research, located in Homestead, Florida, we are dedicated to advancing knowledge of this condition through migraine clinical trials, offering patients the opportunity to access new therapies and treatments.
What are Migraines?
Migraines are recurrent attacks of headache, usually of moderate to severe intensity, located on one side of the head. The pain is often described as throbbing or pounding and, in many cases, is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as light or noise. In some people, migraines are preceded by a neurological phenomenon known as an aura, which may include visual disturbances, tingling, or difficulty speaking.
Although the duration varies, an episode can last from four hours to three days. Migraines not only cause physical pain but can also interfere with daily responsibilities, work performance, and personal relationships.
Migraine Symptoms
Migraine symptoms can vary from person to person and even change between attacks. The most common include:
-Severe, throbbing pain on one side of the head (although in some cases it can occur bilaterally)
-Nausea and sometimes vomiting
-Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
-Sensitivity to sound (phonophobia)
-Dizziness or vertigo
-Blurred vision or blind spots (in the case of migraines with aura)
-Difficulty concentrating or speaking
During an attack, people may need to stay in a dark, quiet place until the episode subsides.
Diagnosis of Migraines
The diagnosis of migraines is clinical, meaning it is based on the patient’s history and a detailed description of symptoms. The doctor may ask questions about the frequency, duration, type of pain, triggers, and family history.
In some cases, to rule out other neurological conditions, tests may be ordered, such as:
-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-Computed tomography (CT scan)
-Blood tests if other causes are suspected
Early and accurate diagnosis allows for appropriate treatment and improves the patient’s prognosis.
Migraine Treatment
Migraine treatment is tailored to the frequency and intensity of the attacks, as well as the patient’s individual needs. There are two main types, acute and preventive treatment.
Acute Treatment
It is designed to relieve symptoms during an attack. It includes:
-Over-the-counter pain relievers (ibuprofen, acetaminophen)
-Triptans (such as sumatriptan)
-Antiemetics (to control nausea)
-Anti-inflammatory medications
Preventive Treatment
This approach aims to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. It may include:
-Daily medications (beta-blockers, antidepressants, anticonvulsants)
-Lifestyle changes (stress management, sleep hygiene)
-Avoidance of triggers (food, bright lights, stress)
There are also newer treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies (CGRP), botulinum toxin, and nerve stimulation devices, which are being evaluated in clinical trials for migraines.
Causes and Risk Factors
The causes of migraines are not entirely clear, but they are thought to be a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Triggers can vary from person to person, but the most common include:
-Hormonal changes (especially in women)
-Emotional or physical stress
-Lack or excess sleep
-Prolonged fasting
-Changes in the weather
-Consumption of caffeine, alcohol, or processed foods
-Intense sensory stimuli (lights, noises)
Having family members with migraines also significantly increases the risk of developing them.
Who Is Affected?
Migraines can occur at any age, but they usually begin during adolescence or early adulthood. They are three times more common in women than men, especially between the ages of 18 and 45, due to hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause.
Children and adolescents can also experience migraines, although they are often difficult to diagnose correctly at an early age.
Percentage of Affected Population
Worldwide, it is estimated that more than 12% of people suffer from migraines. In the United States, approximately 39 million people are affected. This makes migraines the second leading cause of neurological disability worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite their common nature, many people do not receive a proper diagnosis or the treatment they need.
Migraine Clinical Trials at Homestead Associates
At Homestead Associates in Research, we conduct migraine clinical trials with the goal of investigating innovative treatments that can transform the lives of those suffering from this disease.
Our studies are approved by ethics committees and conducted by highly qualified professionals. Participating is a safe and valuable way to contribute to the development of new medical solutions.
If you live in Homestead or South Florida and suffer from frequent or severe migraines, you may be eligible for our studies. Simply fill out a form or call to schedule your initial evaluation. You can also visit the “Enroll Now” section of our website.
